AMD published R600 instruction set.
http://www.x.org/docs/AMD/r600isa.pdf
This is the instruction set for the R600 GPU.
I have only read part of this, it is a lot of info,
and more for the die hard programmers I think.
Yet some intersting things should be possible as far as speed up
of stuff is concerned, if you have the time to get familiar with
it.